In Tajikistan, Public Advisory Councils (PACs) have been established in water supply companies to protect the rights and interests of consumers. In many places they are very active, with consumers making inquiries and complaints that companies must respond to. The aim of these advisor councils is to protect the rights and interests of consumers and encourage their participation in decision-making processes.

In Kenya, the Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB) acknowledges the need to involve consumers as participants in decisions that affect the way they receive water services.

The empowerment of consumers is in line with Kenya’s constitution, which recognizes access to water services as a human right. Section 72 of the Water Act 2016 requires WASREB to establish a mechanism for handing complaints from consumers regarding the quality or nature of water services, and to develop guidelines on the establishment of consumer groups and facilitate their establishment.

A consumer engagement guideline was developed to facilitate the engagement process between consumers and sector institutions. It defines the roles and responsibilities of various players in consumer engagement and the handling of complaints.

The legislation of Panama stipulates that State institutions are obliged to allow citizen participation in all public administration
proceedings related to tariff and rate-setting for services that may affect the interests and rights of citizen groups. Legally
established citizen participation mechanisms include Public Consultations, Public Hearings, Forums and Workshops, and direct participation in institutional agencies.

Pursuant to its legal powers, the National Public Utilities Authority issues resolutions for each citizen participation process to establish the rules for public consultations procedures. These resolutions define aspects such as the purpose of the public consultation, start and end dates and times for each process, online and in-person channels through which documents may be obtained, persons qualified to provide comments, place of delivery and comment format.

In Colombia, the President of the Republic issued a decree establishing the guidelines ensuring user participation in the preparation of regulatory projects set forth by the Regulatory Committee on Drinking water and Basic Sanitation (CRA), including both projects that impact tariffs and projects that are directly related to the tariffs to be collected.

Some of the guidelines include the following:

• The CRA must publish all preliminary draft resolutions of a general nature on its web page, with specific periods established for its availability prior to issuance.
• The information to be published includes the draft text, technical support, an explicit invitation for interested parties (including users) to submit observations and suggestions regarding the published proposal, and the identification of the administrative agency and persons providing information on the project and receiving observations, objections or suggestions (indicating a regular address and phone number as well as a fax number and e-mail address).

The CRA must prepare a document containing the reasons for which proposals are accepted or rejected, and these are to be published along with the issued resolution.